James Madison : from the original picture by Chappel in the possession of the publishers

James Madison, America's fourth President (1809-1817), made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing The Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In later years, he was referred to as the "Father of the Constitution." "If Tyranny and Oppression come to this land, it will be in the guise of fighting a foreign enemy."