Friedrich Ludwig, Graf von Nassau-Ottweiler
Brustbild in Harnisch: en face nach rechts; Körper halb von links; mit Allongeperücke; Umhang mit etwas Hermelin um die rechte Schulter; in dekorierter, drapierter Ovalrahmung, unten mit Wappenkartusche, auf Po... More
Friedrich Heinrich, Prinz von Oranien, Graf von Nassau
Im Alter von 25 Jahren: Brustbild, halb von links; barhaupt, mit Bart an Oberlippe und Kinn; Spitzenhalskrause; in glattem Wams mit gestreiften Randborten; im schraffierten Untersegment latein. Altersangabe; di... More
Maria, Prinzessin von Oranien, Gräfin von Nassau
Als Mädchen: Brustbild, halb von rechts; mit seitlichen Haarlocken, Haarkranz am Hinterhaupt, Perlenhalskette; in schulterfreiem Kleid; an den Ärmelansätzen Schmuckstücke mit je vier Perlen; in vierseit angesch... More
Moritz, Prinz von Oranien, Graf von Nassau
Brustbild, halb von rechts; barhaupt, mit Oberlippenbart und spatelförm. Kinnbart; Spitzenhalskrause; in Harnisch, die spitzengesäumte Feldbinde um die rechte Schulter über dem Brustband der fast nicht mehr sic... More
Henriette Katharina, Prinzessin von Oranien, Gräfin von Nassau
Als Mädchen: Brustbild, halb von links; mit seitlichen Haarlocken, perlenumfaßtem Haarknoten am Hinterhaupt, Perlenhalskette; in schulterfreiem Kleid mit Spitzensaum um den Ausschnitt, an den Ärmelansätzen Schm... More
Friedrich Heinrich, Prinz von Oranien, Graf von Nassau
Medaillenbildnis: Brustbild, halb von rechts; barhaupt, mit Schnurr- und Knebelbart; spitzengesäumtem Kragen mit zwei Verschlussquasten; Medaille des Hosenbandordens an Brustband vor Feldbinde um die Brust; am ... More
Wilhelm III., Prinz von Oranien, König von England
Als Kind im Alter von etwa fünf Jahren: noch Brustbild, halb von links; mit schlaufengeschmücktem Häubchen und Federnbarett; in ausgeschnittenem Kleid; umgeben mit früchtedurchsetztem Blattkranzgewinde, unten m... More
Friedrich Heinrich, Prinz von Oranien, Graf von Nassau
Brustbild, halb von links; barhaupt, mit Schnurrbart und Knebelbart; spitzengesäumtem Umlegekragen; in Harnisch; Feldbinde um die linke Schulter; in Ovalrahmung, darüber sein bekröntes, mit dem Devisenband und ... More
Solms-Braunfels, Amalie Gräfin zu
Brustbild, halb von links; mit dicht onduliertem, gebauschtem Haar, Perlenohrgehänge und -halskette; in dekolletiertem Galakleid mit reichem Spitzenbesatz an zwei Umlegekrägen und dem Brustausschnitt, in dessen... More
Wilhelm III., Prinz von Oranien, König von England
Noch als Knabe: Brustbild, halb von rechts; barhaupt, mit Allongehaar; in Kürass, mit Jabot, Schlitzärmeln; Medaille des Hosenbandordens an Brustband; wolkig schattiertem Hintergrund; in Ovalrahmung mit rechtec... More
Moritz, Prinz von Oranien, Graf von Nassau
Brustbild, halb von rechts; barhaupt; mit Oberlippenbart, spatelförmigem Kinnbart; Spitzenhalskrause; in Harnisch, mit spitzengesäumter Feldbinde um die rechte Schulter; in Oktogonalrahmung, befüllt mit gewulst... More
Wilhelm III., Prinz von Oranien, König von England
Als junger Oberbefehlshaber der Armee der Vereinigten niederländ. Provinzen: Brustbild, en face von links, Körper halb von rechts; mit Allongeperücke; Oberlippenbärtchen; in Harnisch, mit Schlaufenjabot, Feldbi... More
Moritz, Prinz von Oranien, Graf von Nassau
Brustbild, halb von rechts; barhaupt, mit Oberlippenbart, spatelförmigem Kinnbart; Spitzenhalskrause; in Harnisch, mit spitzengesäumter Feldbinde um die rechte Schulter; in Ovalrahmung aus Lorbeerblattgewinde, ... More
Wilhelm III., Prinz von Oranien, König von England
Als König: Brustbild in Büstenform, en face von rechts; mit Allongeperücke, Spitzenjabot, Kollane des Hosenbandordens; auf wohl sechseckigem Sockel mit drei sichtbaren Seiten; die Vorderseite mit lat. Legende; ... More
Wilhelm III., Prinz von Oranien, König von England
Als König: Brustbild, halb von links, Körper seitlich von links; in Harnisch, mit Allongeperücke, Spitzenkragen, Feldbinde um die abgewandte rechte Schulter; in angeschnittener Ovalrahmung mit franz. Umschrift;... More
Wilhelm III., Prinz von Oranien, König von England
Als König: Brustbild, en face von rechts: mit Allongeperücke; in Harnisch, hermelinbesetzt. Umhang um rechte Körperseite und Rücken mit Agraffe an der linken Schulter gehalten; in Ovalrahmung auf Podestsockel, ... More
Ichikawa danzō, Shunsh Katsukawa - Ukiyo e print
Print shows the actor Ichikawa Danzō, half-length portrait, facing right in fan-shaped frame. Title and other descriptive information compiled by Nichibunken-sponsored Edo print specialists in 2005-06. From the... More
Bunkers Hill or America's head dress
Print shows a half-length portrait of a woman, right profile, with exaggerated coiffure supporting three redoubts with infantry and artillery firing at close range, tents, an artillery train, and a sea battle i... More
Major general John Sullivan - Public domain portrait engraving
Print shows John Sullivan, half-length portrait, wearing military uniform, standing, facing right, holding spear in right hand, left hand on hip.
Charles Lee Esq'r. - Americanischer general-major
Print shows Charles Lee, half-length portrait, wearing military uniform, facing left; in oval. Illus. in: Geschichte der kriege in und ausser Europa / Christoph Heinrich Korn. Nürnberg : G.N. Raspe, 1776-84, p... More
Agnolo Gaddi Pittore / G. Vasari T.I. ; G. Batt-Cecchi, sc.
Angelo di Taddeo Gaddi, Florentine painter, half-length portrait, facing left.
Mrs. Sage, the first English female aerial traveller, who ascended wit...
Half-length portrait of the first English woman to ride in a balloon.
John Wesley Jarvis - Thomas MacDonough U.S.N.
Print shows Commodore Thomas MacDonough, half-length portrait in uniform. Engraving by J.B. Forrest from the original by J.W. Jarvis. Illustrated in: The national portrait gallery of distinguished Americans / ... More
Wilhelm II., Prinz von Oranien, Graf von Nassau
Auf Medaille: Brustbild, halb von rechts; mit Allongehaar, etwas Schnurrbart; Kragen mit zwei Verschlussquasten; in Harnisch; lappig gesäumte Schärpe um die rechte Schulter, Medaille des Hosenbandordens an Brus... More
A. Adams / from an original painting by Gilbert Stuart.
Mrs. John Adams, half-length portrait, seated, facing right. Public domain scan of portrait print from Library of Congress, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Catharine M. Sedgwick / eng. by A.B. Durand ; painted by Chas. Ingham.
Catharine M. Sedgwick, half-length portrait, standing, facing left. Public domain scan of portrait print from Library of Congress, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
[William Pinkney Rodgers, half-length portrait, seated, with blue scar...
Photographer unidentified. Hallmark: Rinhart 46. Case: variant of Rinhart 125. Label on back of case: William Pinkney Rodgers, 1821-1893. Gift; Mrs. Alexander Macomb; 1976; (DLC/PP-1976:307). Forms part of: Rod... More
[Unidentified man, half-length portrait, facing right]
Photographer unidentified. Source unknown. Forms part of: Daguerreotype collection (Library of Congress).
[Shepherd Knapp, half-length portrait, slightly to right, eyes front]
Leather merchant and later a banker in New York City. Scratched on face of plate: 206; Shepherd Knapp. Transfer; U.S. War College; 1920. (DLC/PP-1920:46153). Forms part of: Daguerreotype collection (Library of ... More
[Unidentified man, about 50 years of age, half-length portrait, three-...
Scratched on back of plate: 188 [canceled]; 189. Transfer; U.S. War College; 1920; (DLC/PP-1920:46153) Forms part of: Daguerreotype collection (Library of Congress). Produced by Mathew Brady's studio.
[Memucan Hunt, half-length portrait, three-quarters to the right]
Envoy, Minister Plenipotentiary, from Republic of Texas. Identification from engraving in DeBow's Southern and Western Review, October, 1852, frontispiece. Scratched on face of plate: 207; Hunt, Texas. Scratche... More
[A. Oakey Hall, half-length portrait, three-quarters to right, eyes fr...
Mayor of New York City. Identification from engraving of a later photograph by Sarony in Daily graphic, March 31, 1883, p. 221. Scratched on back of plate: 109; Oakey Hall. Transfer; U.S. War College; 1920; (DL... More
[Woman, half-length portrait, seated, facing front]
In album: Portraits of rulers, politicians ... relating to the reign of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico, p. 43, lower left. Handwritten at top of album page: Opera singers. Handwritten on verso: Srita Vallejo.
[Leandro Valle, half-length portrait, seated, facing front]
In album: Portraits of rulers, politicians ... relating to the reign of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico, p. 21, lower right.
Byzantine Icon with Christ Pantokrator
The Byzantine image of Christ Pantokrator (Ruler of All) is a frontal, half-length portrait of a bearded Christ holding a Gospel book in his left hand while giving a sign of blessing with his right.
[John McAllister, half-length portrait, facing slightly left]
Printed on back: Stereoscopes. Written on label on back: J. McAllister, Jr. Purchase; Marian S. Carson; 1997; (DLC/PP-1997:105). Forms part of: Daguerreotype collection (Library of Congress). Forms part of: Mar... More
[George Cunnabell Howard, half-length portrait, three-quarters to righ...
Actor. Public domain photograph of 19th-century daguerreotype portrait, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Frances Wright d'Arusmont / SW.
Frances Wright, half-length portrait, facing right. Title from caption on mount. Illus. from: Gleason's pictorial, v. 6, 1854, p. 388.
[Honorable Andrew Johnson, half-length portrait, facing left]
Brady-Handy Collection (Library of Congress). Print reversed from original(?) LC-BH82-4437.
[Jean M. Lander, half-length portrait, seated]
Written in ink on photograph: To my loving friends, Jean M. Lander, 1856 ...
James Buchanan / Engraved by J.C. Buttre.
James Buchanan, half-length portrait, facing right. Public domain scan of portrait print from Library of Congress, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
[Abraham Lincoln, half-length portrait, facing right]
Photo shows Abraham Lincoln in an image that was widely reproduced on presidential campaign ribbons in 1860. Lincoln reportedly liked the photograph and often signed prints for admirers. (Source: Ostendorf, p. ... More
[Henry M. Phillips, Representative from Pennsylvania, Thirty-fifth Con...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 90. Each item includes subject's origi... More
[Robert Tombs, Senator from Georgia, Thirty-fifth Congress, half-lengt...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 158. Each item includes subject's orig... More
[Miles Taylor, Representative from Louisiana, Thirty-fifth Congress, h...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 188. Each item includes subject's orig... More
[John B. Thompson, Senator from Kentucky, Thirty-fifth Congress, half-...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 215. Each item includes subject's orig... More
[Henry Chapman, Representative from Pennsylvania, Thirty-fifth Congres...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 93. Each item includes subject's origi... More
[Linus B. Comins, Representative from Massachusetts, Thirty-fifth Cong...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 25. Each item includes subject's origi... More
[John S. Phelps, Representative from Missouri, Thirty-fifth Congress, ...
Public domain reproduction of portrait art print, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
[George R. Robbins, Representative from New Jersey, Thirty-fifth Congr...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 81. Each item includes subject's origi... More
[James Pike, Representative from New Hampshire, Thirty-fifth Congress,...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 12. Each item includes subject's origi... More
[H. Winter Davis, Representative from Maryland, Thirty-fifth Congress,...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 121. Each item includes subject's orig... More
[Anthony E. Roberts, Representative from Pennsylvania, Thirty-fifth Co...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 95. Each item includes subject's origi... More
[William Stewart, Representative from Pennsylvania, Thirty-fifth Congr...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 109. Each item includes subject's orig... More
[Albert G. Brown, Senator from Mississippi, Thirty-fifth Congress, hal...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 178. Each item includes subject's orig... More
[William W. Phelps, Representative from Minnesota, Thirty-fifth Congre...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 304. Each item includes subject's orig... More
[James Buffinton, Representative from Massachusetts, Thirty-fifth Cong...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 23. Each item includes subject's origi... More
[Hannibal Hamlin, Senator from Maine, Thirty-fifth Congress, half-leng...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 2. Each item includes subject's origin... More
[Horace Maynard, Representative from Tennessee, Thirty-fifth Congress,...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 230. Each item includes subject's orig... More
[Henry Waldron, Representative from Michigan, Thirty-fifth Congress, h...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 279. Each item includes subject's orig... More
[James A. Stewart, Representative from Maryland, Thirty-fifth Congress...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 118. Each item includes subject's orig... More
[George W. Jones, Representative from Tennessee, Thirty-fifth Congress...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 234. Each item includes subject's orig... More
[Philip Allen, Senator from Rhode Island, Thirty-fifth Congress, half-...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 34. Each item includes subject's origi... More
[Francis E. Spinner, Representative from New York, Thirty-fifth Congre...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 61. Each item includes subject's origi... More
[Sydenham Moore, Representative from Alabama, Thirty-fifth Congress, h...
Illus. in: McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives & delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees & Beck, [1859], page 173. Each item includes subject's orig... More
J.C. Calhoun / Brady, N.Y., Mathew Brady Photograph, 1850s.
Photograph shows South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, half-length portrait, facing left. Photograph is a reproduction of an 1849 daguerreotype by Mathew Brady. Reference copy in BIOG FILE.
[Mabel Hubbard Gardiner Bell as a girl, half-length portrait, facing f...
Photographer unidentified. Hallmark: Rinhart 20a. Case: plain leather, push button. Transfer; Manuscript Division; 1975; (DLC/PP-1975:199). Forms part of: Gilbert H. Grosvenor collection of Photographs of the A... More
H.D. Terry, American Civil War Photograph, Glass Negative.
Henry Dwight Terry, half-length portrait, facing right. Public domain photograph of a military, American Civil War, 19th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
[Union general Winfield Scott Hancock, half-length portrait, seated, f...
Picryl description: Public domain vintage artistic photograph, free to use, no copyright restrictions image.
[James S. Dodd, Pvt., Co. C, 4th South Carolina Cavalry, half-length p...
Written on negative sleeve: Enlisted Jan. 19, 1861 at Camp Hampton, S.C. under(?) Capt. J.W.L. Cory on last roll call, Oct. 31, 1864 as teamster. Note: This company was first "B" Company, 10th Battalion S.C. C... More
Js. H. Wilson, Maj. General Vols. - Public domain portrait engraving
Print shows a half-length portrait of Maj. Gen. James Harrison Wilson (1837-1925). Civil War Photograph Collection (Library of Congress). This record contains unverified, old data from caption card. Caption car... More
[Enoch Hooper Cook, Jr., Pvt, Co. H. 38th Alabama Infantry, C.S.A., ha...
Written on negative sleeve: Pvt. & Sgt. Enoch Hooper Cook, Jr., Co. H. 38th Ala. Inf. C.S.A., one of ten brothers=CSA. Original in possession of Mrs. Rebecca Springer, Union Springs, Ala. Copy photo made by LC... More
[Mark P. Lowrey, of Miss., pastor and Brigadier General, C.S.A., half-...
Picryl description: Public domain vintage artistic photograph, free to use, no copyright restrictions image.
[George W. Childs, publisher, half-length portrait, facing slightly l...
Stamped on verso: Return to George Grantham Bain ... Reference copy in BIOG FILE.
[Theophile Gautier, half-length portrait, facing front]
Wood engraving in Harpers Weekly, v. 47, 1873. This record contains unverified, old data from caption card.
[Half-length portrait of Bishop Stephen Vincent Ryan, Diocese of Buffa...
This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card. Associated name on shelflist card: Clay, Cosack & Co.
Thomas Paine - Public domain portrait engraving
Painting shows author and philosopher Thomas Paine, half-length portrait, facing left. Photographic reproduction of a ca. 1859 painting attributed to Bass Otis, possibly after the Thomas Thompson copy or from ... More
[Charles O. Campbell, half-length portrait, standing behind pulpit, fa...
K6953 U.S. Copyright Office. Public domain photograph - Portrait, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
[Benjamin Franklin, half-length portrait, facing right] / Etch. by H.B...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a portrait of a scientist, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
[Henry Billings Brown, half-length portrait, facing left]
George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress). Public domain photograph - Portrait, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
B.H. Robertson, Virginia, American Civil War.
B.H. Robertson, Brigadier General, C.S.A., half-length portrait, facing right. "A Sheed & Ward book." Reference copy in BIOG FILE.
[Jesse James, half-length portrait, facing front, holding handgun in l...
N7862 U.S. Copyright Office. Copyright stamp appears on upper left corner.
E.E. Hale from a photograph by G.C. Cox / TJohnson ; engraved by T. Jo...
Print shows Edward Everett Hale, half-length portrait, facing front, wearing robe and holding a book in his right hand. Includes facsimile signature. Signed "TJohnson" on plate. Photoengraving of engraving by ... More
[William Collins Whitney, Secretary of the Navy, half-length portrait,...
Public domain photograph of politician, government and politics, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
[Walt Whitman, 1819-1892, half-length portrait, seated, facing left]
Cat. #983. Reproduction of painting by Herbert Gilchrist. This record contains unverified, old data from caption card.
[Galileo Galilei, half-length portrait, facing left]
Possibly a reproduction of a painting by Giusto Sustermans. "Edne. Alinari...no. 104." Captioned in Italian.
Caroline Bradley Hornblower, Frances Benjamin Johnston collection
Mrs. Joseph Coerten Hornblower, half length portrait, seated, facing right. Title and other information transcribed from caption card and item. Frances Benjamin Johnston Collection (Library of Congress). No. 63... More
A.J. Holmes, Iowa - Public domain portrait photograph
Photograph shows Iowa congressman Adoniram Judson Holmes (1842- 1902), half-length portrait, seated, facing front.
[Benjamin Franklin Tracy, Secretary of the Navy, half-length portrait,...
Public domain photograph - Portrait, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Phoebe Apperson Hearst, Frances Benjamin Johnston collection
Half length portrait, seated, facing right. Title and other information transcribed from caption card and item. Frances Benjamin Johnston Collection (Library of Congress). Caption card tracings: BI; Ph. Ind; Shelf.
[Leo Frobenius, half-length portrait, standing, facing right, holding ...
Bain News Service photograph. George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).
[Francis Schlatter, faith healer, half-length portrait, facing front]
63890aa U.S. Copyright Office. No. 15. Copyright by W.A. White, Raton, New Mexico.
Frances F. Cleveland, February 1897
Frances F. Cleveland, half-length portrait, standing, facing right. Public domain photograph - female portrait, the 1900s, aristocracy, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
[Pope Leo XIII, half-length portrait, seated, facing front]
3983(?) U.S. Copyright Office. Copyright by the Historical Publishing Co., Pittsburg, PA.
[Young African American man, half-length portrait, facing right]
In album (disbound): Types of American Negroes, compiled and prepared by W.E.B. Du Bois, v. 1, no. 91. B&w copy prints for LOT 11930 are provided as surrogates of original photographs for reference use in P&P R... More
[James Lone Elk, Dakota Indian, half-length portrait, facing left with...
Picryl description: Public domain image of Native Americans, Indians of North America, indigenous tribes, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
[Young African American woman, half-length portrait, facing front, smi...
In album (disbound): Types of American Negroes, compiled and prepared by W.E.B. Du Bois, v. 1, no. 3. B&w copy prints for LOT 11930 are provided as surrogates of original photographs for reference use in P&P Re... More
Bad Wound--Sioux - Public domain portrait
Bad wound, half-length portrait, facing left, wearing war bonnet. 57889 U.S. Copyright Office. Copyright by F.A. Rinehart. No. 1538.
[African American woman, half-length portrait, right profile]
In album (disbound): Types of American Negroes, compiled and prepared by W.E.B. Du Bois, v. 2, no. 192. B&w copy prints for LOT 11930 are provided as surrogates of original photographs for reference use in P&P ... More
[Young African American man, half-length portrait, left profile]
In album (disbound): Types of American Negroes, compiled and prepared by W.E.B. Du Bois, v. 2, no. 161. B&w copy prints for LOT 11930 are provided as surrogates of original photographs for reference use in P&P ... More