NGC 253
As its name implies, the Silver Dollar Galaxy (also known as NGC 253, and the Sculptor Galaxy), looks like a disc, or coin, of light, as photographed from Chaco Observatory, New Mexico.
Detail: from BL Sloane 263, f. 50v
Image taken from f. 50v of Astronomical treatises (ending imperfectly). Written in Latin.
Diagram from BL Harley 3735, f. 38v
Detail of a diagram showing the phases of the moon, illustrating Johannes de Sacro Bosco's Computus. Image taken from f. 38v of Various calendarial and computistical treatises. Written in Latin.
Detail: from BL Sloane 263, f. 47v
Image taken from f. 47v of Astronomical treatises (ending imperfectly). Written in Latin.
Detail from BL Harley 3735, f. 74
Detail of an astronomical diagram illustrating Robert Grosseteste's De sphaera. Image taken from f. 74 of Various calendarial and computistical treatises. Written in Latin.
Diagram from BL Harley 3735, f. 23
Diagram illustrating Johannes de Sacro Bosco's Tractatus de sphaera. Image taken from f. 23 of Various calendarial and computistical treatises. Written in Latin.
Diagram of the sun from BL Harley 3735, f. 18
Detail of diagrams with the movements of the sun around the earth, illustrating Johannes de Sacro Bosco's Tractatus de sphaera. The cities of Rome and Paris are depicted in the diagram on the right. Image taken... more
Detail: from BL Sloane 263, f. 2v
Image taken from f. 2v of Astronomical treatises (ending imperfectly). Written in Latin.
Decorated initial and diagrams from BL Arundel 332, f. 66
Decorated initial 'N' and diagrams illustrating the text of John Holywood. Image taken from f. 66 of Various theological and mathematical tracts, including the prose life of Cuthbert, incomplete (ff. 74-101v), ... more
Detail: from BL Sloane 263, f. 50v
Image taken from f. 50v of Astronomical treatises (ending imperfectly). Written in Latin.
Detail from BL Harley 3735, f. 81v
Detail of an astronomical diagram showing an eclipse of the moon, illustrating Robert Grosseteste's De sphaera. Image taken from f. 81v of Various calendarial and computistical treatises. Written in Latin.
Illuminated initial from BL Harley 3735, f. 17
Detail of an illuminated initial 'T'(ractatus) at the beginning of Johannes de Sacro Bosco's Tractatus de sphaera. Image taken from f. 17 of Various calendarial and computistical treatises. Written in Latin.
Table from BL Harley 3735, f. 15v
Table concerning the zodiac signs and movements of the moon in a treatise attributed to Robert Grosseteste 'Lincolniensis'. Image taken from f. 15v of Various calendarial and computistical treatises. Written in Latin.
Illuminated initial from BL Harley 3735, f. 17
Illuminated initial 'T'(ractatus) at the beginning of Johannes de Sacro Bosco's Tractatus de sphaera. Diagram of the heavenly spheres. Image taken from f. 17 of Various calendarial and computistical treatises. ... more
The Sphere of the Sun from BL YT 36, f. 147
Miniature of Dante and Beatrice in the sphere of the sun being greeted by Aquinas and Albertus Magnus, while ten other great intellectural authorities (the Doctors of the Church) are seated below, including Bed... more
Decorated initials from BL Sloane 263, f. 50v
Decorated initials 'A'(quila) and 'D'(elphin), in an Astronomical treatise. Image taken from f. 50v of Astronomical treatises (ending imperfectly). Written in Latin.
Diagram of eclipses from BL Harley 3735, f. 27
Detail of diagrams showing eclipses of the sun and moon, illustrating Johannes de Sacro Bosco's Tractatus de sphaera. Image taken from f. 27 of Various calendarial and computistical treatises. Written in Latin.
Detail from BL Harley 3735, f. 82
Detail of an astronomical diagram showing an eclipse of the sun, illustrating Robert Grosseteste's De sphaera. Image taken from f. 82 of Various calendarial and computistical treatises. Written in Latin.
Decorated initial and diagram from BL Sloane 263, f. 47v
Decorated initial 'SE'(cedens) and diagram, in an Astronomical treatise. Image taken from f. 47v of Astronomical treatises (ending imperfectly). Written in Latin.
Hare from BL Harley 2506, f. 41v
Drawing of the Hare [Lepus], with the stars marked as red dots. Image taken from f. 41v of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Drawing from BL Harley 2506, f. 43v
Drawing of Ara, the Altar. Image taken from f. 43v of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Capricorn from BL Harley 2506, f. 39
Drawing of the constellation Capricorn, with the stars picked out as red dots. Image taken from f. 39 of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Text page from BL Harley 2506, f. 37v
Text page. Image taken from f. 37v of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Swan from BL Harley 2506, f. 38
Drawing of the Swan, or Bird (Cygnus). Image taken from f. 38 of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Drawing from BL Harley 2506, f. 40v
Drawing of Delphinus, the Dolphin, with the constellations marked as red dots. Image taken from f. 40v of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Canis Major from BL Harley 2506, f. 44v
Drawing of the constellation the dog, Canis Major, with the stars picked out as red dots. Image taken from f. 44v of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Centaur and Hydra from BL Harley 2506, f. 44
Drawings of the constellations Centaur (Centaurus), stretching his hand towards the Altar, holding the Beast (Fera), and below, the Hydra. Image taken from f. 44 of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Writt... more
Eagle from BL Harley 2506, f. 40
Detail of drawing of the eagle, with the constellations marked as red dots. Image taken from f. 40 of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Orion from BL Harley 2506, f. 41
Drawing of Orion and his dog. Image taken from f. 41 of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Text page from BL Harley 2506, f. 45
Text page. Image taken from f. 45 of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Image from BL Harley 2506, ff. 42v-43
Image taken from ff. 42v-43 of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Aquarius from BL Harley 2506, f. 36
Detail of a drawing of the constellation Aquarius. Image taken from f. 36 of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Arrow and eagle from BL Harley 2506, f. 40
Drawing of an arrow, and of an eagle, with the constellations marked as red dots. Image taken from f. 40 of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Image from BL Harley 2506, f. 42v
Image taken from f. 42v of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Pisces from BL Harley 2506, f. 36v
Drawing of the constellation Pisces, with the stars picked out as red dots. Image taken from f. 36v of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Drawing from BL Harley 2506, f. 37
Drawing of Perseus holding Medusa's severed head, with red dots for the constellations. Image taken from f. 37 of Phaenomena (also known as the Aratea). Written in Latin.
Eclipses from BL Harley 531, ff. 11v-12
Diagrams of eclipses, with the earth in the centre and the sun in the outer orbit. In the upper diagram, labelled 'Eclipse of the moon', the earth casts its shadow on the moon, while in the diagram below, label... more
Diagram from BL Harley 531, f. 4v
Diagram. Image taken from f. 4v of Tractatus de sphaera (index De sphera), in a mathematical and scientific miscellany. Written in Latin.
Calendar from BL Harley 531, f. 26
Calendar page. Image taken from f. 26 of Tractatus de sphaera (index De sphera), in a mathematical and scientific miscellany. Written in Latin.
Tree of Love from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 11v
Miiniature of the Tree of Love. Image taken from f. 11v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Diagram of eclipses from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 40v
Diagram of eclipses with the sun, moon, and earth. Image taken from f. 40v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Dancing from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 204v
Detail of a miniature of demons tempting people with dancing. Image taken from f. 204v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Tree of Love from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 11v
Miiniature of the Tree of Love. Image taken from f. 11v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Mercury from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 41v
Detail of a miniature of Mercury, with winged feet, a flail and a cock. Image taken from f. 41v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Spheres of elements and planets from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 50
Miniature of a diagram of the spheres of the elements and planets, supported by four angels. Image taken from f. 50 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Angel from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 29v
Detail of a miniature of an angel conveying the prayer of a supplicant to God, holding a scroll inscribed with the words 'Pater noster'. Image taken from f. 29v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (... more
Temptation by tournament from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 204v
Detail of a miniature of knights fighting during a temptation by tournament. Image taken from f. 204v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Spheres of elements and planets from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 50
Detail of a miniature of a diagram of the spheres of the elements and planets, supported by four angels. Image taken from f. 50 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Matfres from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 7
Miniature of Matfres instructing four crowned lovers and troubadours. Image taken from f. 7 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Temptations of lovers from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 204
Miniatures of the temptations of lovers by pomp, banquets, and tournaments. Image taken from f. 204 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Devil carrying off a lover's soul from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 204v
Detail of a miniature of a devil carrying off the soul of a dying lover. Image taken from f. 204v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Fall of the rebel angels from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 33
Detail of a miniature of the fall of the rebel angels. Image taken from f. 33 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Seven Virtues from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 245v
Miniature of the Seven Virtues crowned, with sceptres, and below, the Seven Vices. Image taken from f. 245v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Universe from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 34v
Miniature of a diagram of the universe. Image taken from f. 34v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Zodiac wheel from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 37
Detail of a miniature of a zodiac wheel. Image taken from f. 37 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Prince of Devils from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 33
Detail of a miniature of the Prince of Devils sending out his ministers. Image taken from f. 33 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Zodiac wheel from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 37
Miniature of a zodiac wheel. Image taken from f. 37 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Diagram of the seasons from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 54v
Detail of a miniature of a diagram of the seasons. Image taken from f. 54v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
The Sun crowned from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 41
Detail of a miniature of the sun crowned, with a horn, riding on four horses. Image taken from f. 41 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Virgin and Child from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 89
Detail of a miniature of the Virgin and Child between two angels with censers. Image taken from f. 89 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Universe from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 34v
Detail of a miniature of a diagram of the universe. Image taken from f. 34v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Temptations of lovers from BL Royal 19 C I, ff. 203v-204
Miniatures of the temptations of lovers by pomp, banquets, and tournaments. Image taken from ff. 203v-204 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Fall of the rebel angels from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 33
Miniatures of the fall of the rebel angels; the Prince of Devils sending out his ministers, and a temptation by lechery. Image taken from f. 33 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Temptation of lovers and by fine clothing from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 203...
Details of a miniature of the temptation of lovers, and of a miniature of the Temptation by fine clothing. Image taken from f. 203v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
The Last Judgement from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 125v
Detail of a miniature of the Last Judgement. Image taken from f. 125v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Devil carrying off a lover's soul from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 204v
Detail of a miniature of a devil carrying off the soul of a dying lover. Image taken from f. 204v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Worship of a lady from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 204v
Detail of a miniature of a demon tempting a man through the worship of a lady. Image taken from f. 204v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
God blessing Abraham from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 96
Miniature of God blessing Abraham's posterity. Image taken from f. 96 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Temptation of Christ from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 164
Detail of a miniature of the second Temptation of Christ. Image taken from f. 164 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Puzzle initial from BL Harley 1, f. 47
Puzzle initial 'O'(mnia) with pen-flourishing and J-border. Added ownership inscription, 14th century :'Liber Johannis de Londoniis cum rosa'. Image taken from f. 47 of Miscellaneous treatises on astronomy, ast... more
Mocking of Christ, Denial of Peter, Christ before Pilate from BL Royal...
Three miniatures of the mocking of Christ, of the denial of Peter, and of Christ before Pilate. Image taken from f. 174 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Venus from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 41v
Detail of a miniature of Venus with a mirror, swimming. Image taken from f. 41v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Three men from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 122
Detail of a miniature of three men standing in flames, in one of the ten pains of hell. Image taken from f. 122 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
The Last Judgement from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 125v
Miniature of the Last Judgement. Image taken from f. 125v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Temptation by lechery from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 33
Detail of a miniature of a temptation by lechery. Image taken from f. 33 of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Third and fourth visions from BL Royal 19 B XV, f. 15
Miniature of the third and fourth visions: the fall of the great star from the heavens, and part of the sun, moon, and waters smitten, and the eagle. Image taken from f. 15 of Apocalypse, with commentary (The '... more
Diagram of the earth from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 48v
Diagram of the dimensions of the earth. Image taken from f. 48v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Four scenes of Hell from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 185v
Four miniatures with scenes of Hell. Image taken from f. 185v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Venus and Mercury from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 41v
Miniature of Venus with a mirror, swimming; miniature of Mercury, with winged feet, a flail and a cock. Image taken from f. 41v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
Circular diagram from BL Royal 19 C I, f. 37v
Detail of a circular diagram. Image taken from f. 37v of Breviari d'Amor. Written in French (Occitan) (Provencal).
The woman and rainbow from BL Royal 15 D II, f. 152
Detail of a miniature of a woman standing upon the moon, with a crown of twelve stars, standing before a rainbow issuing from a building, in illustration of Revelation 12: 1. Image taken from f. 152 of La lumie... more
Kneeling figures from BL Royal 2 B VII, f. 310
Miniature of six kneeling figures, three men and three women, with Christ in a cloud, His right hand raised in benediction,and a sphere in his left, with a bas-de-page scene of Margaret, who whips two devils, w... more
Entry into Jerusalem from BL Royal 2 B VII, f. 233v
Miniature of the Entry into Jerusalem with Christ on a donkey's back, two disciples, a boy in a tree and a man laying down a blue cloth, with an historiated initial 'D'(ixit) of the Trinity, containing the Fath... more
Fourth angel sounding his trumpet from BL Royal 15 D II, f. 139
Miniature of John witnessing the fourth angel sounding his trumpet, causing the third part of the sun, the moon, and the stars to be darkened, with another angel holding a book, in illustration of Revelation 8:... more
Historiated initial from BL Royal 2 B VII, f. 233v
Detail of an historiated initial 'D'(ixit) of the Trinity, containing the Father and the Son holding spheres and the Holy Dove descending down between them. Image taken from f. 233v of Psalter ('The Queen Mary ... more
Kneeling figures from BL Royal 2 B VII, f. 310
Detail of a miniature of six kneeling figures, three men and three women, with Christ in a cloud, His right hand raised in benediction,and a sphere in his left Image taken from f. 310 of Psalter ('The Queen Mar... more
Kneeling before Christ from BL Royal 2 B VII, f. 309v
Detail of a miniature with seven kneeling figures (one with a crown and two with mitres) below Christ in a cloud, His right hand raised in benediction and in His left a sphere. Image taken from f. 309v of Psalt... more
Kneeling before Christ from BL Royal 2 B VII, f. 309v
Miniature with seven kneeling figures (one with a crown and two with mitres) below Christ in a cloud, His right hand raised in benediction and in His left a sphere, with a bas-de-page scene of Margaret emerging... more
Alexander in India from BL Royal 19 D I, ff. 31v-32
Miniature of Alexander ascending a mountain; miniature of Alexander finding an old man asleep; miniature of the trees of the sun and the moon; miniature of wild beasts being presented to Alexander. Image taken ... more
Creation from BL Royal 19 D II, f. 4v
Detail of a miniature of the creation of the sun and moon. Image taken from f. 4v of Bible historiale complétée moyenne (the 'Bible Historiale of John the Good'). Written in French.
God creating the sun and the moon from BL Royal 17 E VII, f. 4v
Detail of a miniature of God creating the sun and the moon. Image taken from f. 4v of La Bible historiale complétée (Genesis - Psalms). Written in French.
Annus (Year) from BL Royal 6 E VI, f. 99v
Historiated initial 'A'(nnus) of scholar measuring the sphere of the heavens. Image taken from f. 99v of Omne Bonum (Absolucio-Circumcisio). Written in Latin.
Vision of Benedict and Paul from BL Royal 6 E VI, f. 16
Detail of a miniature in three compartments of the Vision of Benedict and Paul with the Holy Face adored by Benedict and Paul, and the Fall in the midst of the planetary spheres, adored by kneeling male and fem... more
Christine and the Sibyl from BL Harley 4431, f. 189v
Detail of a miniature of Christine and the Sibyl standing in a sphere of the cosmos, with the moon, sun and stars surrounding, in 'Le chemin de long estude'. Image taken from f. 189v of Various works (also kno... more
Creation of rivers and the sun and moon from BL Royal 15 D III, f. 5
Miniature of the creation of the rivers, and of the sun and the moon. Image taken from f. 5 of Bible historiale, the early version. Written in French.
Two women from BL Harley 4431, f. 189v
Detail of a miniature of two women standing in a sphere of the cosmos, with the moon, sun and stars surrounding, in 'Le chemin de long estude'. Image taken from f. 189v of Various works (also known as 'The Boo... more
Two women from BL Harley 4431, f. 189v
Miniature of two women standing in a sphere of the cosmos, with the moon, sun and stars surrounding, in 'Le chemin de long estude'. Image taken from f. 189v of Various works (also known as 'The Book of the Que... more