Independence Hall.. Albumen print, Getty Museum. Public domain photograph.

James Cremer was a known for his portrait photography, especially of children. He also photographed landscapes and townscapes, including images of Edinburgh and London. His photographs were frequently published in magazines and newspapers, including The Illustrated London News and The Photographic News. Cremer moved to London in the 1860s and continued his photographic career there. He was a member of the Royal Photographic Society and won prizes for his work. He also judged photographic competitions. Cremer died in London in 1893. His photographs are now in collections around the world, including the National Portrait Gallery in London and the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh.