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Child Labor

National Child Labor Committee collectionCreated by: PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search EngineDated: 1908
Mildred Benjamin, 17 years old. Right dorsal curvature. Scoliosis. Right shoulder higher than left. Shows incorrect position required to perform this kind of work. Stopping use of right arm. See 4667, 4671 & 4672. Location: Boston, Massachusetts Lewis W. Hine
According to the 1900 US Census, a total of 1,752,187 (about 1 in every 6) children between the ages of five and ten were engaged in "gainful occupations" in the United States.

The National Child Labor Committee, or NCLC, was a private, non-profit organization that served as a leading proponent for the national child labor reform movement. It headquartered on Broadway in Manhattan, New York.

In 1908 the National Child Labor Committee hired Lewis Hine, a teacher and professional photographer trained in sociology, who advocated photography as an educational medium, to document child labor in the American industry. Over the next ten years, Hine would publish thousands of photographs designed to pull at the nation's heartstrings.

The NCLC is a rare example of an organization that succeeded in its mission and was no longer needed. After more than a century of fighting child labor, it shut down in 2017.
4,906 Media in collectionpage 1 of 50
Drivers and Trappers Going Home: Barnesville Mine. Location: Fairmont, West Virginia

Drivers and Trappers Going Home: Barnesville Mine. Location: Fairmont,...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Coal mines. Hine no. 190. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Div... More

A Group of Young Fellows Working in a Cannery, In Indianapolis, Aug. 1908. Location: Indianapolis, Indiana

A Group of Young Fellows Working in a Cannery, In Indianapolis, Aug. 1...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Canneries. Hine no. 86. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divis... More

A Basket Factory. Boys making grate bottoms. In summer, many more young boys and girls. Location: Evansville, Indiana

A Basket Factory. Boys making grate bottoms. In summer, many more youn...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Miscellaneous. Hine no. 221. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs ... More

Widow & boy rolling papers for cigarettes in a dirty N.Y. tenement. Location: New York, New York (State)

Widow & boy rolling papers for cigarettes in a dirty N.Y. tenement. Lo...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. Hine no. 15-B. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General inform... More

Group of sweatshop workers in shop of M. Silverman. 30 Suffolk St., N.Y. Feb. 21, 1908. Location: New York, New York (State)

Group of sweatshop workers in shop of M. Silverman. 30 Suffolk St., N....

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Miscellaneous. Hine no. 27-A. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs... More

Going home from Loray Mill. Smallest boy on the right hand end, John Moore. 13 years old. Been in mill 6 years as sweeper, doffer and spinner. Location: Gastonia, North Carolina

Going home from Loray Mill. Smallest boy on the right hand end, John M...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 259. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Some of the larger spinners in Catawba Cotton Mills, Newton, N.C. Location: Newton, North Carolina

Some of the larger spinners in Catawba Cotton Mills, Newton, N.C. Loca...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 456. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Mill School House (in middle) surrounded by mill houses. Maple Mill, Dillon, S.C. Small need here for large schoolhouse. Most of the children in mill. Location: Dillon, South Carolina

Mill School House (in middle) surrounded by mill houses. Maple Mill, D...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 388. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Closing hour Loray Mill, Gastonia, N.C. November 7, 1908. Location: Gastonia, North Carolina Photo by Lewis W. Hine

Closing hour Loray Mill, Gastonia, N.C. November 7, 1908. Location: Ga...

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Mills. Hine no. 257. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the National ... More

Lincoln Cotton Mills, Evansville, Ind. Girls at weaving machine; warpers. Location: Evansville, Indiana

Lincoln Cotton Mills, Evansville, Ind. Girls at weaving machine; warpe...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 220. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Grace Harper (Looked 10 years old). Works in Lydia Mills, Clinton, S.C. Mother said she is very good hand at spinning. Been at it 3 years. Runs 4 and 5 sides, about 50 cents a day. Little sister Lettie helps. Mother said "she is learnin'." Looked 7 years old. Dec. 208. Witness Sara R. Hine. Location: Clinton, South Carolina Photo by Lewis W. Hine

Grace Harper (Looked 10 years old). Works in Lydia Mills, Clinton, S.C...

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Mills. Hine no. 372. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the National ... More

Midnight 4, 11,08. Messenger Boys in heart of Tenderloin. Youngest - Badge No. 524. Herman Unslowitz, Said 15 yrs. old. Oldest Badge 605. From Western Union Telegraph Office, 172 Fifth Avenue. Location: New York, New York (State)

Midnight 4, 11,08. Messenger Boys in heart of Tenderloin. Youngest - B...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 39-A. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs... More

Carrie Blanchard. "Don't know how old I am. Mother can tell. She keeps track of these things. She begins to work in mill tomorrow. 'Speks I'll go to help." (Mother said she was 10 years old). Little sister not at work yet. Witness S.R. Hine. Location: Chester, South Carolina

Carrie Blanchard. "Don't know how old I am. Mother can tell. She keeps...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 365. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Doffers in Trenton Mills, Gastonia, N.C. Others as small and some smaller. Little girls too. Location: Gastonia, North Carolina

Doffers in Trenton Mills, Gastonia, N.C. Others as small and some smal...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 288. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Slebzak family (Polish) working on Bottomley farm, near Baltimore, Md. They have worked here 3 years and one winter at Avery Island, Louisiana. All work except the very smallest. She hangs around the fields. Begin work about 4 A.M. and sometimes works until sunset. (See #838.) Location: Baltimore, Maryland

Slebzak family (Polish) working on Bottomley farm, near Baltimore, Md....

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Agriculture. Hine no. 837. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Di... More

A few of the youngsters in the Manchester Cotton Mills, Macon, Ga. I was not allowed to go inside. See photos 517 to 520. Location: Macon, Georgia

A few of the youngsters in the Manchester Cotton Mills, Macon, Ga. I w...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 518. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Sign on Company store, Wheaton Glass Works, Millville, N.J. Location: Millville, New Jersey

Sign on Company store, Wheaton Glass Works, Millville, N.J. Location: ...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Glass factories. Hine no. 1013. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photograp... More

Atherton Mill, Charlotte, N.C. National Child Labor Committee. No. 469. Smaller girl been in mill for 5 years. Works now in the mill. Jan. 1, 1909. Location: Charlotte, North Carolina

Atherton Mill, Charlotte, N.C. National Child Labor Committee. No. 469...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 469. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Some of Newark's small newsboys. Afternoon. Location: Newark, New Jersey

Some of Newark's small newsboys. Afternoon. Location: Newark, New Jers...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 1035. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs... More

A Rarniriz Cigar Co., Tampa, Fla. Tampa, Fla. Location: Tampa, Florida

A Rarniriz Cigar Co., Tampa, Fla. Tampa, Fla. Location: Tampa, Florida

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Miscellaneous. Hine no. 579. City and state recorded twice in the original caption. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee c... More

United Workers Boy's Club, New Haven, Conn. In the gymnasium. Location: New Haven, Connecticut

United Workers Boy's Club, New Haven, Conn. In the gymnasium. Location...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Miscellaneous. Hine no. 615. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs ... More

Noon hour. Goodall Worsted Co., Sanford, Me. These are not the youngest. Young girls too. Location: Sanford, Maine

Noon hour. Goodall Worsted Co., Sanford, Me. These are not the younges...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 704. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Two of the "pin boys" working in Bowling Academy with 3 other small boys until 10 or 11 P.M. some nights. Burlington,. Location: Burlington, Vermont

Two of the "pin boys" working in Bowling Academy with 3 other small bo...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 1100. No text recorded after final comma. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library... More

Bundle Boys at Nugent's, Washington And Broadway. Location: St. Louis, Missouri

Bundle Boys at Nugent's, Washington And Broadway. Location: St. Louis,...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 1470. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs... More

Burley's Branch Office, 23rd St. near Olive. Wednesday May 4th, 1910. 3:30 P.M. Location: St. Louis, Missouri

Burley's Branch Office, 23rd St. near Olive. Wednesday May 4th, 1910. ...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 1366. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs... More

Messenger, Broadway near 40th St., N.Y. Location: New York, New York (State)

Messenger, Broadway near 40th St., N.Y. Location: New York, New York (...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 1676. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs... More

Kibbe's Candy Factory. Isaac Futterman, 15 years, 108 Sharon St. Jacob Futterman, 16 years, 108 Sharon St. William Cohan, 16 years, 102 Washburn St. Cocoanut Shavers at Kibbe's. The Futterman boys had been at work one year. Isaac earned $3.50; Jacob - $4.00. Location: Springfield, Massachusetts

Kibbe's Candy Factory. Isaac Futterman, 15 years, 108 Sharon St. Jacob...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Miscellaneous. Hine no. 1195. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs... More

Mary Birch with two boys - John 14 - Tony 10. Six more younger children at home. The boys pick 18-20 pails a day. Location: Falmouth - Week's Bog, Massachusetts

Mary Birch with two boys - John 14 - Tony 10. Six more younger childre...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Agriculture. Hine no. 2575. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs D... More

Little Nettie ?, a regular oyster-shucker in Alabama Canning Co. She speaks no English. Note the condition of her shoes, caused by standing on the rough shells so much, a common sight. Location: Bayou La Batre, Alabama

Little Nettie ?, a regular oyster-shucker in Alabama Canning Co. She s...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Canneries. Hine no. 1988. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Div... More

Joe Mello, 62 Grinnel i.e., Grinell? St., New Bedford. Appeared about eight or nine: could not speak English except to tell us that he was a sweeper in the spinning room (two other boys confirmed this); watched him go in at noon and come out at 6 P.M. on Aug. 21, 1911. At the houses his mother gave his name as Jose Mello, ten years old. There was no certificate for this boy at the superintendent's office. Birth records ambiguous. Location: New Bedford, Massachusetts

Joe Mello, 62 Grinnel i.e., Grinell? St., New Bedford. Appeared about ...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 2293. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divisio... More

All in photos worked (even smallest girl and boys) and they went to work at (noon) 12:45. Some of the following boys and girls mey be 14, many are not. John Gopen, 189 Elm St. Joseph Stonge, 73 King St. Billie Welch, 178 Union St. Tim Carroll, 310 Salem St. Michael Devine, 64 South Broadway. Jacob Black, 15 Bradford Bl. Binnie Greenfield, 281 Park St. Andrew Pomeroy, 76 South Broadway. Louis Gross, 39 Myrtle St. Arthur Davois, 244 Salem St. Joseph Latham?, 165 Willow St. Salvatore Quatirtto, 48 Union St. Sam Gangi, 82 Pleasant Valley St.These two boys were about the youngest of the boys, others nearly as young. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts

All in photos worked (even smallest girl and boys) and they went to wo...

Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Title from label for Hine no. 2462. Hine no. 2466. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs D... More

Some of the young boys who are rollers and bunch-breakers in Danville Cigarette Factory. The very smallest ones avoided the camera. One of them asked me if the camera told their ages. Location: Danville, Virginia

Some of the young boys who are rollers and bunch-breakers in Danville ...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Miscellaneous. Hine no. 2196. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs... More

Joe Perry, Grinnell St. Said he was 10. August 22, 1911. 7:15 A.M. Richard K. Conant, Witness. Location: New Bedford, Massachusetts

Joe Perry, Grinnell St. Said he was 10. August 22, 1911. 7:15 A.M. Ric...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 2282. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs... More

James Boulware, doffer in Manchester Mill, Rock Hill, said 13 years, working off and on 3 years. Charlie Rhoades, 12 years old, one year working, 75 cents a day. Couldn't write his name. Location: Rock Hill, South Carolina

James Boulware, doffer in Manchester Mill, Rock Hill, said 13 years, w...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 2950. State not recorded on caption card; based on captions for related photos. Credit line: National Child Labor... More

Group of mill boys going to church Sunday morning. Beaumont Mill Settlement, Spartanberg, S.C. All work. The front row left hand and Elish Putnam been working 3 or 4 years. Middle Bryson Hemmett working 3 months. Right hand George Powell, six months working. Location: Spartanburg, South Carolina

Group of mill boys going to church Sunday morning. Beaumont Mill Settl...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 2991. City recorded at top of caption card as "Spartenberg." Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collecti... More

Mrs. Mary George, 74 Southbridge Street, Worcester, Massachusetts. Mother and Aaron, 13 yrs., and Elizabeth 12 yrs old, working on crochet slippers. The children work until 9 or 10:30 P.M. sometimes, and the mother later. Girl has so much trouble with eyes that she is very much behind in school. Mother has eye trouble, too. (See Report also.) Witness. F.A. Smith. Location: Worcester, Massachusettsachusetts

Mrs. Mary George, 74 Southbridge Street, Worcester, Massachusetts. Mot...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Tenement homework. Hine no. 3142. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photogr... More

Jo and Antone are standing apart from the school boys. Location: New Bedford, Massachusetts

Jo and Antone are standing apart from the school boys. Location: New B...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 2747. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divisio... More

Two families working together on Kimball farm near Waxahachie. The four year old picks nine pounds a day regularly and the eleven year old picks three hundred pounds a day. Location: Waxahachie vicinity, Texas

Two families working together on Kimball farm near Waxahachie. The fou...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Agriculture. Hine no. 3678. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs D... More

Eight-year old Jack milking the cows. See Hine Report, Rural Child Labor, August 1915. Location: Western Massachusetts, Massachusetts

Eight-year old Jack milking the cows. See Hine Report, Rural Child Lab...

Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Agriculture. Title from NCLC caption card for Hine no. 3966. Hine no. 3967. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints... More

7-year old Rosie. Regular shucker. Her second year at it. Illiterate. Works all day. Shucks only a few pots a day. Varn & Platt Canning Co. Location: Bluffton, South Carolina

7-year old Rosie. Regular shucker. Her second year at it. Illiterate. ...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Canneries. Hine no. 3303. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Div... More

Free Kindergarten (in Girard, Ala.) run by the Eagle and Phoenix Mills, Columbus, Ga. Has been closed over a year. The mill owners get a deal of free newspaper advertising about their wonderful Welfare Work, but it petered out this way. Location: Columbus, Georgia

Free Kindergarten (in Girard, Ala.) run by the Eagle and Phoenix Mills...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 3439. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divisio... More

Group of children in the kindergarten school composed of the cotton mill people. Even during the play the mill is ever in the background. Dallas Cotton Mill. Location: Dallas, Texas

Group of children in the kindergarten school composed of the cotton mi...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 3602. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divisio... More

Outline map of the United States - Public domain map

Outline map of the United States - Public domain map

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Miscellaneous. Hine no. 3780. No location or date recorded on caption card; date estimate based on captions for photographs with ... More

Three Saunders children, nine, eleven, and thirteen years old, mowing away the grain. See Hine Report, Rural Child Labor, August 1915

Three Saunders children, nine, eleven, and thirteen years old, mowing ...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Agriculture. Hine no. 3990. No location recorded on caption card. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library... More

Vera Hill, 5 years old picks 25 pounds a day. See 4580. Location: Comanche County, Oklahoma Lewis W. Hine

Vera Hill, 5 years old picks 25 pounds a day. See 4580. Location: Coma...

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Agriculture. Hine no. 4581. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the Na... More

Going to School. About 14-16 years. Watson School - Flint Village. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts. Lewis W. Hine

Going to School. About 14-16 years. Watson School - Flint Village. Loc...

In album: Miscellaneous. Title from NCLC caption card for Hine no. 4216. Hine no. 4219. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General info... More

Worming and topping tobacco. W.L. Fugate rents farm. Willie, 12 years old and Ora, 10 years old will go to Schoolsville School, Clark Co., Ky., but it has not opened yet. Location: Hedges Station, Kentucky Lewis W. Hine

Worming and topping tobacco. W.L. Fugate rents farm. Willie, 12 years ...

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Agriculture. Hine no. 4399. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the Na... More

King Philip Spinning Room. Spare hand on spinning frames. Alphonsine Berube, 831 Globe St. Age - 15 years. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts Lewis W. Hine

King Philip Spinning Room. Spare hand on spinning frames. Alphonsine B...

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Mills. Hine no. 4259. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the National... More

Workers scattered all around but lost in the foliage. Tobacco farm of Mr. Stokes-Taylor. He has 50 acres in tobacco this year. Sometimes has 100--a large amount. Mostly negro workers this year. Location: Zion vicinity, Kentucky Lewis W. Hine

Workers scattered all around but lost in the foliage. Tobacco farm of ...

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Agriculture. Hine no. 4458. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the Na... More

14-year-old boy hauling water on farm near Lawton. Francis Heinz, Route B, Box 11. Location: Lawton, Oklahoma Lewis W. Hine

14-year-old boy hauling water on farm near Lawton. Francis Heinz, Rout...

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Agriculture. Hine no. 4806. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the Na... More

Blind beggar. Location: Lawton, Oklahoma. L.W. Hine

Blind beggar. Location: Lawton, Oklahoma. L.W. Hine

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Miscellaneous. Hine no. 4786. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the ... More

6:00 A.M. at Post Office Square. Truck load of tobacco workers bound for American Sumatra Tobacco Farm, South Windsor. They return about 7 P.M. Location: Hartford, Connecticut L.W. Hine

6:00 A.M. at Post Office Square. Truck load of tobacco workers bound f...

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Agriculture. Hine no. 4893. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the Na... More

Going to the 4 H Fair at Charleston. Location: Charleston vicinity, West Virginia Photo by Lewis W. Hine

Going to the 4 H Fair at Charleston. Location: Charleston vicinity, We...

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Children in West Virginia. Hine no. 5087. Number typed in upper left corner of caption card: 67. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congre... More

Homework pictures taken in connection with investigation (see report TE-NY-39). Location: New York, New York (State)

Homework pictures taken in connection with investigation (see report T...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Tenement homework. Hine no. 4919. Recorded on a single caption card spanning 4919-4931. Credit line: National Child Labor Committ... More

Glass Works - Day Shift. Location: Indiana

Glass Works - Day Shift. Location: Indiana

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Glass factories. Hine no. 87. No city recorded on caption card. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library o... More

Gastonia, N.C. Boy from Loray Mill. "Been at it right smart two years." Location: Gastonia, North Carolina

Gastonia, N.C. Boy from Loray Mill. "Been at it right smart two years....

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 248. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Pin-boys in a Pittsburgh Bowling Alley. They work until late at night. Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Pin-boys in a Pittsburgh Bowling Alley. They work until late at night....

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Miscellaneous. Hine no. 1609. Capation card records date as "1908 (9?)". Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, ... More

John Dempsey (looked 11 or 12) years old. Said he helped only on Saturdays. Jackson Mill, Fiskeville, R.I. (One of the B.B. and R. Knight mills). He was working faithfully in the mule-spinning room, a dangerous place for boys. I found no others below 14 in this mill Location: Fiskeville, Rhode Island

John Dempsey (looked 11 or 12) years old. Said he helped only on Satur...

Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Title from NCLC caption card for Hine no. 677. Hine no. 678. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Pho... More

Noon hour, Manchester Cotton Mill, Macon, Ga. See photos 517 to 520. Location: Macon, Georgia

Noon hour, Manchester Cotton Mill, Macon, Ga. See photos 517 to 520. L...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 519. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

A little spinner in a Georgia Cotton Mill. Location: Georgia

A little spinner in a Georgia Cotton Mill. Location: Georgia

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 545. No city recorded on caption card. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congres... More

Little spinner in Bibb Mill No. 1, Macon, Ga. She was so small she had to climb up on to the spinning frame to mend broken threads. See also photo 488. Jan. 19, 1909. Location: Macon, Georgia

Little spinner in Bibb Mill No. 1, Macon, Ga. She was so small she had...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 530. The words "climb up" are underlined on the caption card. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collect... More

A Typical Fisher Boy at "T" Wharf. Boston. Location: Boston, Massachusetts

A Typical Fisher Boy at "T" Wharf. Boston. Location: Boston, Massachus...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 900. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs ... More

Some of the spinners in Pell City Cotton Mills, grouped for me by the Overseer. Mr. E.A. Thompson, Superintendent of the Mill, is also Mayor of Pell City. Location: Pell City, Alabama

Some of the spinners in Pell City Cotton Mills, grouped for me by the ...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 1782. The word "Mayor" is underlined on the caption card. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection,... More

Rose Biodo, 1216 Annan St., Philadelphia. 10 years old. Working 3 summers. Minds baby and carries berries, two pecks at a time. Whites Bog, Brown Mills, N.J. This is the fourth week of school and the people here expect to remain two weeks more. Sept. 28, 1910. Witness E.F. Brown. Location: Browns Mills, New Jersey Photo by Lewis W. Hine

Rose Biodo, 1216 Annan St., Philadelphia. 10 years old. Working 3 summ...

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Agriculture. Hine no. 1123. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the Na... More

Interior of Magnolia (Miss.) Cotton Mills spinning room. See the little ones scattered through the mill. All work. See also other Magnolia photos and labels. Location: Magnolia, Mississippi

Interior of Magnolia (Miss.) Cotton Mills spinning room. See the littl...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 1492. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divisio... More

Thomas Parsomidis, Shoe Shinning i.e., Shining Parlor, 8 North Main St. Boy said business is bad. Place closed most of the time. He and another own the shop. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

Thomas Parsomidis, Shoe Shinning i.e., Shining Parlor, 8 North Main St...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 2771. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs... More

Noon hour at Massachusetts Mill, Lindale Ga. During the days following this, I proved the ages of nearly a dozen of these children, by gaining access to Family Records, Life Insurance papers, and through conversations with the children and parents, and found these that I could prove to be working now, or during the past year at 10 and 11 years of age, some of them having begun before they were ten. Further search would reveal dozens more. (See Hine Report). Location: Lindale, Georgia

Noon hour at Massachusetts Mill, Lindale Ga. During the days following...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 3361. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divisio... More

"Dinner-Toters" waiting for the gate to open. This is carried on more in Columbus than in any other city I know, and by smaller children. (See photos.) Many of them are paid by the week for doing it, and carry, sometimes, ren i.e., ten or more a day. They go around in the mill, often help tend to machines, which often run at noon, and so learn the work. A teacher told me the mothers expect the children to learn this way, long before they are of proper age. (See also Vaughn's Georgia Report, April, 1913.) Eagle and Phoenix Mill. Location: Columbus, Georgia

"Dinner-Toters" waiting for the gate to open. This is carried on more ...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 3457. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divisio... More

Harris and Ewing, Washington, D.C.

Harris and Ewing, Washington, D.C.

A black and white photo of a poster, Library of Congress Harris and Ewing collection Portraits and news photographs by Washington, D.C.-based firm, showing people, events, architecture in Washington, D.C. and ... More

Spare hands in Granite Mill #1. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts Lewis W. Hine

Spare hands in Granite Mill #1. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts Le...

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Mills. Hine no. 4236. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the National... More

Spinner in Lancaster Cotton Mills, S.C. Location: Lancaster, South Carolina

Spinner in Lancaster Cotton Mills, S.C. Location: Lancaster, South Car...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 344. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Name: In the Newsboys Reading Room. Boys seated at tables playing gamers. Boston 1915 Exhibit. Oct. 1909. Location: Boston, Massachusetts

Name: In the Newsboys Reading Room. Boys seated at tables playing game...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 949. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs ... More

Every one of these was working in the cotton mill at North Pormal i.e., Pownal, Vt. and they were running a small force. Rosie Lapiare, 15 years; Jane Sylvester, 15 years; Runie? Cird, 12 years; R. Sylvester, 12 years; E. H.? Willett, 13 years; Nat. Sylvester, 13 years; John King, 14 years; Z. Lapear, 13 years. Standing on step. Clarence Noel 11 years old, David Noel 14 years old. Location: North Pownal, Vermont Photo by Lewis W. Hine

Every one of these was working in the cotton mill at North Pormal i.e....

Title from NCLC caption card. In album: Mills. Hine no. 1052. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General information about the National... More

1 P.M. Family of Onofrio Cottone, 7 Extra Pl., N.Y., finishing garments in a terribly run down tenement. The father works on the street. The three oldest children help the mother on garments. Joseph, 14, Andrew, 10, Rosie, 7, and all together they make about $2 a week when work is plenty. There are two babies. Location: New York, New York (State)

1 P.M. Family of Onofrio Cottone, 7 Extra Pl., N.Y., finishing garment...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Tenement homework. Hine no. 3255. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photogr... More

One of the young wagon boys. There are a good many of these at certain seasons of the year. Location: Birmingham, Alabama

One of the young wagon boys. There are a good many of these at certain...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 3877. Also in LOT 7483, v. 2. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress... More

Hot Weather Delights, Newsboys' Protective Association, Cincinnati. Location: Cincinnati, Ohio

Hot Weather Delights, Newsboys' Protective Association, Cincinnati. Lo...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 22. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs D... More

Orley Shrouce, 8 Ozark Mill. 10 years old. Said he worked a year, but when new law came in a while ago the mill people turned him off,--too young. "Then they came again and hired me back." Doffer--60 cents a day. Location: Gastonia, North Carolina

Orley Shrouce, 8 Ozark Mill. 10 years old. Said he worked a year, but ...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 275. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Clyde Cotton Mills, Newton, N.C. Doffers in the above mill. 50 operatives, 10 of them small boys and girls like these. Location: Newton, North Carolina

Clyde Cotton Mills, Newton, N.C. Doffers in the above mill. 50 operati...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 454. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Men and boys of this family all work in Eureka Cotton Mills. H.O. Roof. B. F. Roof --10 years in mill. Lawrence Roof--4 years in mill. Albert Roof--(Smallest) 1 year in mill. Doffs--50 cents a day. 56 inches high. Witness S.R. Hine. Location: Chester, South Carolina

Men and boys of this family all work in Eureka Cotton Mills. H.O. Roof...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 367. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Sack Race, the Newsboys' Picnic. Location: Cincinnati, Ohio

Sack Race, the Newsboys' Picnic. Location: Cincinnati, Ohio

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 20. After the word "Picnic" text is cut off on caption card. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee ... More

Noon Hour at an Indianapolis Meat Packing House. Aug. 1908. Wit. E.N. Clopper. Location: Indianapolis, Indiana

Noon Hour at an Indianapolis Meat Packing House. Aug. 1908. Wit. E.N. ...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Miscellaneous. Hine no. 108. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs ... More

Mrs. Finkelstein, 127 Monroe St. Bessie (age 13), Sophie (age 7). Girls attend school. Making garters for Liberty Garter works, 413 Broadway. Mother, a widow, earns 75 cents a day by working all day until 12 at night. Bessie works until 10 P.M. Sophie until 9 P.M. They expected to work until 10 P.M. to finish the job, although they did not know when more work would come in. Witness Mrs. Hosford. Location: New York, New York (State)

Mrs. Finkelstein, 127 Monroe St. Bessie (age 13), Sophie (age 7). Girl...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. Hine no. 10-A. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. General inform... More

Boys taking away from saws and brading. Schultze, Waltman & Co. Planing Mill Evansville, Ind. Location: Evansville, Indiana

Boys taking away from saws and brading. Schultze, Waltman & Co. Planin...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Miscellaneous. Hine no. 194. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs ... More

A doffer in the Melville Mfg. Co., Cherryville, N.C. Location: Cherryville, North Carolina

A doffer in the Melville Mfg. Co., Cherryville, N.C. Location: Cherryv...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 269. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Glass works. Location: West Virginia

Glass works. Location: West Virginia

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Glass factories. Hine no. 180. No city recorded on caption card. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library ... More

One of The Newsies at The Newsboys' Picnic, Cincinnati. Location: Cincinnati, Ohio

One of The Newsies at The Newsboys' Picnic, Cincinnati. Location: Cinc...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 28. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs D... More

A group of people standing in front of a brick building Noon hour, King Mfg. Co., Augusta, Ga. We had not seen these children when we were shown through the mill. See photos 500 to 509. Jan. 14, 1909. Location: Augusta, Georgia

A group of people standing in front of a brick building Noon hour, Kin...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 501. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

Night shift going work. N.J. Nov. 15, 1909. Cumberland Glass Works. Location: Bridgeton, New Jersey

Night shift going work. N.J. Nov. 15, 1909. Cumberland Glass Works. Lo...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Glass factories. Hine no. 969. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photograph... More

Arthur Therion, 66 South Street. Has been at work ("helping father") in Mill #3, Great Falls Mfg. Co., Somersworth, N.H. for 3 years. Location: Somersworth, New Hampshire

Arthur Therion, 66 South Street. Has been at work ("helping father") i...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 763. The phrase "3 years" is underlined on the card. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Libr... More

Workers in Bibb Mill #1, Macon, Ga. Boy on right on right hand end, Burdick Collins, 2 years in mill work. Next, Scoven Preston, 1 year in mill work. Next, Charlie Benson, 4 years in mill work. Next, Mason Matheson. Next, Robert Collins. Next, Leo House, 4 years in mill work. Next, Frank Leslie. Father in background. Witness S.R. Hine. Location: Macon, Georgia

Workers in Bibb Mill #1, Macon, Ga. Boy on right on right hand end, Bu...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 499. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division... More

A Typical Errand Boy Minding Another Boy's Business. Boston 1915 Exhibit. Location: Boston, Massachusetts

A Typical Errand Boy Minding Another Boy's Business. Boston 1915 Exhib...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 940. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs ... More

George Cartwright, 401 North Laurel St., Bridgeton, N.J., is out of School. Hangs around the Cumberland Works looking for job. Says he is 14 years old now (questionable) and has worked off and on since he was 11. (See photo 958). Location: Bridgeton, New Jersey

George Cartwright, 401 North Laurel St., Bridgeton, N.J., is out of Sc...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Glass factories. Hine no. 985. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photograph... More

John Bryan, a young turner in London i.e., Loudon? Hosiery Mills. Location: Loudon, Tennessee

John Bryan, a young turner in London i.e., Loudon? Hosiery Mills. Loca...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 1889. There is both a Loudon and a London, Tennessee. UMBC records similar photos as "Loudon," however. Credit li... More

Group of boys from canning factories. School #1, Buffalo, N.Y. (from left to right): 1) Frank Lefasso, 13 years old last summer. Worked in canning factory at Barker. 2) Anthony Traeisi?, 10 years old last summer. Worked on beans South Dayton, Cannery. 3) James Schillacer, 12 years old last summer. Earned 50 cents a day putting cans in holes in factory St. Catherines, Canada. 4) Peter Delsalvo, 13 years old last summer. Worked in the factory at Brant, N.Y. 5) Anthony Baraone, 11 years old last summer. Worked on apples, beans, tomatoes, in factory at Wilson, N.Y. 6) Thoma Laessi, 12 years old last summer. Worked on beans in sheds at Hamburg, N.Y. 7-9 A.M.; 3-5 P.M. 7) Joseph Lanca, 12 years old last summer. Strings beans in sheds. (All these boys worked on tomatoes.) Location: Buffalo, New York (State)

Group of boys from canning factories. School #1, Buffalo, N.Y. (from l...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Canneries. Hine no. 1336. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Div... More

Young boys working in Vermont Marble Co., Proctor, Vt. Very illiterate. Location: Proctor, Vermont

Young boys working in Vermont Marble Co., Proctor, Vt. Very illiterate...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 1070. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divisio... More

Closing hour, Saturday noon, at Dallas Mill. Every child in photos, so far as I was able to ascertain, works in that mill. When I questioned some of the youngest boys as to their ages, they said they were 12, and then other boys said they were lying. (Which sentiment I agreed with.) Location: Huntsville, Alabama

Closing hour, Saturday noon, at Dallas Mill. Every child in photos, so...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 1777. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divisio... More

Children from school No. 2 in the Italian district Terrace? nr. GeneSt. Many of these children spend their summer vacations in the canning and fruit picking settlements where their parents go to work during the season. Feb. 8, 1910, Buffalo, N.Y. Location: Buffalo, New York (State)

Children from school No. 2 in the Italian district Terrace? nr. GeneSt...

Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Canneries. Title from NCLC caption card for Hine no. 1220. Hine no. 1221. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints a... More

Group of boys working in American Woolen Mills, Winooski, Vt. Youngest, 13 years, oldest 15. All had been working one year or more. Most are illiterate 27 Children apparently under 15 years, were counted at one gate. (See also N.C.L.C. Photos) (May 1909. 720-745). Location: Winooski, Vermont

Group of boys working in American Woolen Mills, Winooski, Vt. Youngest...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 1077. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divisio... More

Some of the workers in Munford Cotton Mills. Smallest boy, in middle, a frail anaemic youngster, said he had been doffing over a year. Said he was twelve, but I doubt it. Other small boy, on left, spinner, runs four sides, been working there two years. Location: Munford, Alabama

Some of the workers in Munford Cotton Mills. Smallest boy, in middle, ...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Mills. Hine no. 1794. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divisio... More

Francis Lance, 5 years old, 41 inches high. Sells regularly on Grand Avenue. He jumps on and off moving cars at risk of life. Location: St. Louis, Missouri

Francis Lance, 5 years old, 41 inches high. Sells regularly on Grand A...

Title from NCLC caption card. Attribution to Hine based on provenance. In album: Street trades. Hine no. 1394. Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs... More

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